Fathers-to-be, take note: You may be more useful in the labor and delivery room than you realize.
That鈥檚 one takeaway from a study released last week that found that when an empathetic partner holds the hand of a woman in pain, their heart and respiratory rates sync and her pain dissipates.
鈥淭he more empathic the partner and the stronger the analgesic effect, the higher the synchronization between the two when they are touching,鈥澨齭aid lead author Pavel Goldstein, a postdoctoral pain researcher in the Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Lab at 兔子先生传媒文化作品.
The of 22 couples, published in the journal Scientific Reports last week, is the latest in a growing body of research on 鈥渋nterpersonal synchronization,鈥� the phenomenon in which individuals begin to physiologically mirror the people they鈥檙e with.
Scientists have long known that people subconsciously sync their footsteps with the person they鈥檙e walking with or adjust their posture to mirror a friend鈥檚 during conversation. Recent studies also show that when people watch an emotional movie or sing together, their heartrates and respiratory rhythms synchronize. When leaders and followers or therapists and patients have a good rapport, their brainwaves fall into a similar pattern. And when romantic couples are simply in each other鈥檚 presence, their cardiorespiratory and brainwave patterns sync up, previous research has shown.
Scientist and researcher Pavel Goldstein听talks about how hand holding can ease a person's pain, especially in the delivery room.听
The new study, co-written with University of Haifa Professor Simone Shamay-Tsoory and Assistant Professor Irit Weissman-Fogel, is the first to explore interpersonal synchronization in the context of pain and touch. The authors hope it can inform the discussion as health care providers seek opioid-free pain relief options.
Goldstein came up with the idea after witnessing the birth of his daughter, now 4.
鈥淢y wife was in pain, and all I could think was, 鈥榃hat can I do to help her?鈥� I reached for her hand and it seemed to help,鈥� he recalls. 鈥淚 wanted to test it out in the lab: Can one really decrease pain with touch, and if so, how?鈥�
Goldstein recruited 22 long-term heterosexual couples, age 23 to 32, and put them through a series of tests aimed at mimicking that delivery-room scenario.
Men were assigned the role of observer; women the pain target. As instruments measured their heart and breathing rates, they: sat together, not touching; sat together holding hands; or sat in separate rooms. Then they repeated all three scenarios as the woman was subjected to a mild heat pain on her forearm for 2 minutes.
As in previous trials, the study showed couples synced physiologically to some degree just sitting together. But when she was subjected to pain and he couldn鈥檛 touch her, that synchronization was severed. When he was allowed to hold her hand, their rates fell into sync again and her pain decreased.
鈥淚t appears that pain totally interrupts this interpersonal synchronization between couples,鈥� Goldstein said. 鈥淭ouch brings it back.鈥�
Goldstein鈥檚 previous research found that the more empathy the man showed for the woman (as measured in other tests), the more her pain subsided during touch. The more physiologically synchronized they were, the less pain she felt.
Pavel Goldstein
It鈥檚 not clear yet whether decreased pain is causing increased synchronicity, or vice versa.
听鈥淚t could be that touch is a tool for communicating empathy, resulting in an analgesic, or pain-killing, effect,鈥� said Goldstein.
Further research is necessary to figure out precisely how a partner鈥檚 touch eases pain. Goldstein suspects interpersonal synchronization may play a role, possibly by affecting an area of the brain called the anterior cingulate cortex, which is associated with pain perception, empathy, and heart and respiratory function.
The study did not explore whether the same effect would occur with same-sex couples, or what happens when the man is the subject of pain. Goldstein did measure brainwave activity and plans to present those results in a future study.
He hopes the research will help lend scientific credence to the notion that touch can ease pain.
For now, he has some advice for partners in the delivery room: Be ready and available to hold your partner鈥檚 hand.
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