After the deaths of David Bowie, Prince and actor Alan Rickman in 2016, grieving fans flocked to public comment threads on social media to pay their respects in what has been likened to a virtual wake.听But many also arrived to find a toxic space where so-called 鈥済rief police鈥� mocked them for lamenting the loss of a stranger, chastised them for emotional rubber-necking听or even dissed the dead.
That鈥檚 the key finding of a 听by 兔子先生传媒文化作品 researchers who analyzed more than 7,000 Facebook comments to gain insight into how people mourn death in the internet age. Their conclusion: People are surprisingly mean to each other online even in times of tragedy, but some technological fixes could likely make things better.
鈥淪ocial media has become such a big part of us sharing life together, and by necessity it has also become a big part of sharing death,鈥� said lead author Katie Gach, a PhD student at the ATLAS Institute. 鈥淭hroughout our data we saw people in conflict over when, where, who and how to grieve.鈥�
After David Bowie's death, grieving fans gathered online to plan real-life memorials.
Gach, a social computing researcher and avid Harry Potter fan, got the idea for the study after Rickman, who played Professor Snape in the films, died of cancer in January 2016.
鈥淚 went on Facebook that morning to see if there were any pictures of my nieces and there it was. I sat there and cried. Then I started looking at the comments and was really touched that there were other people who were legitimately sad like I was.鈥�
David Bowie had died four days earlier, and Prince passed away three months later. To her and co-author Jed Brubaker, an assistant professor in the Department of Information Science, the swelling digital response seemed an ideal environment for studying both online mourning and 鈥減arasocial relationships鈥� (those between fans and celebrities).
Gach spent months analyzing public comments responding to news articles about the deaths, taking care to keep spam, fake accounts听or obvious troll-like behavior (commenting only to intentionally disrupt) out of the dataset.
She found some posted elaborate fan art or made plans to gather in person for memorials. But she also noticed another trend. Grief policing鈥攖he phenomenon of some users telling others how or what to grieve鈥攚as ubiquitous.
In one comment cited in the paper, a Facebook user scolded another for grieving excessively over Rickman鈥檚 death.
鈥淵ou didn鈥檛 know him, move on to being sad about something that matters!鈥澨�
In another, one commenter accused another of posting about Prince鈥檚 death to draw attention to herself.
鈥淪hut up. You posted this exact same thing somewhere else. You鈥檙e not here to pay respects, you鈥檙e here to get likes.鈥�
Some reacted to posts about Bowie鈥檚 death by bringing up his alleged sexual misdeeds.
鈥淕ood riddance!鈥� one wrote.
鈥淚t was baffling. These people were fighting in what was essentially an online wake,鈥� Brubaker said. 鈥淚n a normal, pre-news-feed world this wouldn鈥檛 happen.鈥�
Why people are mean
The authors point to several potential explanations.听Due to algorithms that move comments to the top based on click rates, the most contentious鈥攔ather than the highest quality鈥攊nteractions were often prioritized, leading more people to see them and comment.
鈥淚n terms of design it could be that top comments is not a compassionate algorithm,鈥� Gach said.
News about death is also presented in the same visual format as funny cat videos or friends鈥� vacation photos, catching people off guard as they scroll their newsfeed.
PhD student Katie Gach
鈥淚t鈥檚 like a funeral procession has barged into your living room, so people feel entitled to have any kind of reaction they want to,鈥� she said.
The authors looked only at public comment threads, where users pop in and out without worrying about the risk of being unfriended. They suspect fan pages would have more established social norms and civil discourse. They did not look at discourse about deaths of personal loved ones, focusing instead on parasocial relationships, which have become more visible in the internet age.
But they believe their findings could have broad application, helping to inform the design of future online platforms that better accommodate expression of all kinds of grief.
鈥淲hat this research starts to speak to are questions of how we want to design our systems now that they are handling the entirety of our social lives鈥攏ot just the happy birthday parties but the harder moments, too,鈥� Brubaker said. 鈥淗ow can we design them in a way that helps us be kinder to each other?鈥�
